Economics – What does overall supply of labour depend upon?

1.) What does overall supply of labour depend upon? The overall supply of labour is affected in several different ways. First of all, the working population is considered to be in between 16 and 65 years of age. The inactive population is therefore those younger than 16 and those over 65 years. If there was a huge baby boom in the foreseeable future then the benefits of this would not be felt until some years later when they would become part of the working population. However, in order that the government can gain maximum tax revenue is if more people are in full time education and higher education with the prospect of working in a high paid job. Initially, this would be quite difficult but it would relieve the pressure placed on by the dependency ratio. Other factors that affect the supply of labour are that the death rate is always decreasing therefore the population is increasing. The current health service is going to be put under even more sustained pressure as the more people get older and live longer. This also adds to the increasing dependency ratio. Many people who immigrate to Britain will then, on the whole, add to the overall supply of labour. Another very important factor is that women are getting married later on in life so that they can pursue a career. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy 2.) How do you account for the increase in inactive males in recent years? There are many reasons that men become increasingly inactive in recent years. One reason is, in recent years the primary industry has decreased substantially and the tertiary and services sector has grown considerably. Many men were involved in the primary sector such as factory, coal mining, and farming. Over the last few decades those manufacturing industries have slowly reduced and more tertiary and services have been growing. The tertiary and services sector have a tendency to employ more women, possibly because they are more ‘approachable' than men. One could think of this as sexual discrimination perhaps. Those men who worked in low skilled jobs also found it difficult to adjust to a new job as those low skilled jobs are not readily available. However, the younger male population tend to stay in education additional to compulsory education. 3.) What has been the economic impact of migration both into and out of the British economy over the past 40 years? The impact of migration had many advantages as well as disadvantages. Over the last 40 years migration, in some cases, has severely affected the working population. For example, in the 1960's and 1970's many people chose to migrate to another country so the working population would decrease. The cost of the decrease was a net fall in output. More higher qualified professionals e.g. Doctors, Teachers chose to work away from the UK. This may have a bearing on why there is a shocking lack of teachers around today. Anyway, due to this problem, many people from other parts of the world like Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa were persuaded to come and work in the UK. 4.) Why are more women becoming more economically active? More women work and have become economically active because of changes in the law forcing firms to have a certain proportion of women in their company. Equal Pay Legislation and Maternity Provision was at the forefront of gaining equal opportunities. Nowadays, many women do not marry when they are in their early 20's but they may do after they turn 30. Theoretically, these women would choose not to have a baby as they would then be tied down and cannot pursue their career. Formerly, women tended to be house wives, they used to all the house work but because of technological advances time taken to do all the housework shortened leaving the women nothing to do for the rest of the day. The other reason is that women are more flexable with their work hours, they tended to work more part-time. The demand for women workers has sharply risen with the increase in tertiary and services sector. More employers are looking for women to improve the appearance of the company. 5.) To what degree has changing the nature of employment within U.K. affected participation ratios of men and women? Over the last few decades, due to the decline in manufacturing industries and the incline of tertiary industries we can conclude that there has been extensive. This is because as manufacturing industries declined many men found it difficult to learn new skills as well as employers preferred to train younger people. The ratio's show this by male inactivity slowly rising as female inactivity fell.

Eco Engines Essay

â€Å"Eco Engines†, an article by Steve Miller provides excellent information about the correlation between automobile industry and ecosystem. The article is both an opinion and informative. His primary audience is general public. This article summarizes the paradoxical nature of automobiles industry involved in producing eco-friendly vehicles. He says that â€Å"going green† is slogan that is easy to propagate but difficult to follow. Automobile industry is an adherent f this idealism of â€Å"going green â€Å"but in reality their sales are affected by this idealism. So there is paradox in what they say and what they do. He further highlights that consumers’ attitude too is paradoxical as they pay lip service to eco-friendly notions but by gasoline cars instead of hybrid one. 2 B: Response In the present age consciousness about the protection of environment is rising among masses. It is becoming a fashion in the modern world to be seen as eco-friendly. Media agencies are playing supreme role in this game. This drive of eco-friendliness has made the oil and auto industries face many problems. In reality a race has started among the players in these fields of industry to allure the buyers by making them convince that they are more eco-friendly than the others. However, the new arrivals in these two fields of industry find it a little bit less difficult to the changing situation as compared to the old players of the game. The established and old auto industries like Toyota and Prius are trying to answer the question by giving a kind of ‘hybrid vehicles’ to the world but they are finding it somewhat difficult to sell the new machine in large numbers for including the other reasons they are comparatively costly. Their sale brings low profit margins. It is, however, apparent that in spite of the idealism about eco-friendliness the big chunk of consumers is asking for gasoline-driven vehicles and to maximize their profit the producers like Accord and Ford and others are spending more on producing these vehicles than the ‘hybrid’ ones. Reality reigns supreme in this world and not the idealism. 3: APA Citation: Quotation: Miller (2003) states; â€Å"And yet hybrids, with their golf cart hum and often-jerky acceleration, have become a focus of nearly every automaker, a dramatic change from just five years ago. The unpleasant (perhaps â€Å"inconvenient†? ) truth that lurks behind all the feel-good green talk is that the models sell poorly and, when they do sell, profits for the makers are minimal. In fact, hybrids currently make up only 1. 5% of total auto sales, per Boston-based consultancy Global Insight. † Paraphrase: Hybrid automobiles have captivated the attention of every auto production company for the last five years despite its various drawbacks. But reality is that despite the notions of greener world, these hybrid automobiles do not sell well and thus deceases the profit margin for the companies. According to a Boston-based consultancy Global Insight Presently, hybrids only constitute a small percentage (1. 5%) of the entire auto trade. (Miller, 2003) Work Cited Miller, S. (2003, April 23). Eco Engines. Brandweek

Kindergarten thru third grade non retention act

Allow me the privilege and the honour of convincing you today in understanding in something I hold very dear to my heart and which I believe so monumental that it must be heard and realized by our entire nation. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has been one of the most valuable pieces of legislation created for the education of our children despite the criticisms it receives (Haney, 2007).Though I believe that most of its contents mean well, I also humbly beg to differ and allow me to state that the children from kindergarten to the 3rd grade will be experiencing more harm than good by this act. Thus, let me declare that the students from kindergarten to the 3rd grade must not be promoted if they did not meet the requirements.I deeply understand the sentiments of a lot of people who believe that children at this level must be given the chance and opportunity to grow regardless of how they performed. In other words, it does not matter what scores they get. What is important is tha t, they be allowed to continue without the thought of the failure. However, the real question is, are we truly helping these children by ignoring that they need help? Will doing this really solve our problems in setting higher standards in education?I firmly believe that we are not helping the children who failed to reach the requirements by promoting them. I believe that we are not giving a solution but only aggravating the problem itself. We cannot act blind pretending that in the long run, everything will be just fine. The moment we let these children be, we are clearly not addressing their potential for growth and development.If a child does not meet such a requirement, then more attention must given to that child. The child must be nourished and given attention to better improve and to truly give the child chance at learning and gaining as much as he or she can.With this I can assure all of you that we will not only heed the call that beckons for better education but more impor tantly, we can bring out the best in every child.REFERENCESHaney, W. (nd) Evidence on Education under NCLB (and How Florida Boosted NAEP Scores and Reduced the Race Gap). Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation and Education Policy. Lynch School of Education. Boston College. Retrieved 7 June 2007.

Team Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Work - Essay Example The Belbin theory of team building states that in order to build a good team, a workplace should be assessed in great detail to look at the strength and weaknesses of individuals. The information learned at this stage can be used in selecting the right people for the right task. It will help in building good working relationship because people with the right skills will be doing the right tasks and hence will enjoy success and authority over what they do and this will in turn make them more confident and will help them achieve their targets with ease. It will also help the development of high performing teams because right people will be doing the right work. This will create positive synergies and generated output will greater than the sum of inputs by the team. It will also help build mutual trust and understanding because all the team members will know that right people are doing the right job and hence it will be easier for all team members to communicate, report any blunders and take the corrective action as a team if necessary. All of this will build a winning team which will work extremely efficiently in congregation to achieve their tasks, goals and target within the given span of time. Belbin also gave a clear definition of team members. He believed that personality hardly matters in team setting. An individual should be judged by the way he behave, contributes and interrelates with the other team members and sees them as his peer. Team working can help team members in working in the field in which they are strong in and eliminating their weak aspects by assigning some of the tasks to people who are good at one of the team member’s weakness. In other words, team work is a congregation of strengths and elimination of weaknesses. Everyone in a team can focus on the core competencies while letting other team members do the task in which one is weak in. This is an impressive utilization of the congregational strengths that a team has. It leads the t eam to be more efficient, productive and time efficient. As a result, many of the large organizations divide their work in projects to be completed by competent team of individuals having varied skills sets and way of think. This eliminates the problem of being stuck in tasks and all the work flows smoothly which benefits the entire organization. During research done on the topic, it was found that balance is the key in the success of a team and individual’s that are part of a team. Too much of one kind of skills may lead to a team that may not be able to operate as efficiently as a team that has varied skill sets. Hence, all kinds of skills should be given a weightage when composing a ideal team. This weightage should then be compared with the skills required in a job and team composition should not be complete until and unless the two are not in equilibrium or the sum of skills sets required in a job and sum of skill sets of a team are equal. Only then an ideal team will be formed, when both are in equality. Belbin allowed certain types of weaknesses in a team. These include people who are forgetful, people who delegate too much work leaving too little for them, people who are slow, perfectionists, bad-humored and specialist in their old fields. All of these weaknesses are accepted because there is no incompatibility in the team’s targets and all of these weaknesses are personality based and not work based. Hence, Belbin believes that these types of weaknesses in a team setting are allowable and does not make much difference as compared to work related weaknesses. The personal example that I would like to share through this essay is when I was completing a research work in a group. I encountered people of diverse personality

The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East Essay

The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East - Essay Example She begins with an analysis of the common explanations but then goes on to highlight the exceptional factors that hinder democracy. She cites examples and elaborates them to support her claims. In addition, she makes comparisons with the situation in other regions to make her claims more valid. She uses the exceptionalism comparative perspective to identify the real causes. Bellin starts with a citation of the Freedom House report on the level of democracy in different regions. While the number of free countries is doubling in other regions, the freedom house report indicated stagnation in the Middle East and North African region. She mentions the statistics as an anecdote to awaken the attention of her readers. Obviously, this report implies that something is definitely wrong in these countries. The author makes a supported claim that most countries in the region have failed to take the challenge of embarking on a journey towards democracy. She then mentions the obvious reasons that may be the cause of the stagnation. According to her, the obvious reasons do not offer valid explanations as to why the region does not make efforts towards democratization. These reasons include the existence of weak civil societies in the region that lack the impetus and capacity to advocate for democracy. In addition, labor unions in the region lack notable activity that can foster democracy. She also highlights the fact that the non-profit organizations in the region lack the appropriate grounding for them to participate in activities that can initiate a democratic transition. In elaboration, she mentions that since association life in the region is weak, the society lacks the capacity to exert pressure on the state to adopt a democratic setting. In addition, the state drives all economic projects of the countries through rental sources of income (Diamond 97-98). The state determines the level of employment as well as the rate of economic growth in the region. The people lack t he autonomy to create new economic ventures for themselves. Therefore, as long as they depend so much on the state, they cannot make demands from it. Increased poverty, illiteracy, and inequality limit the people from demanding democracy. As argued, these factors scare the few elite in society. The masses cannot commit to fighting for democracy as they have other pressing issues on the side. Next, she explains the claim that the Middle East and North Africa lack close proximity to democratic republics. Usually, analysts argue that close proximity to a democratic country offers demonstration effect. Some analysts claim that Islam is incompatible with democracy. Islam is prevalent in the Middle Eastern and North African countries and may be one of the reasons making it difficult for the people to embrace democracy. Bellin argues that the above circumstances are not preserves for the Middle Eastern and North African regions. The same factors exist in other regions that have shown remar kable progress towards democracy. She compares the situation in these regions with the realities in other regions. Her illustration of the progress in the sub-Saharan region despite the weak societies outweighs the claim that presence of a weak civil society hinders the Middle East society and North African countries from advancing towards democracy. On a different point, a high economic command from the state is not a factor that these

Marketing and Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Though, in the developed nations like US and UK, many companies have introduced healthy cold drinks but they have failed to provide balance nutrition to the children. Hence, it can be said that the children and teenagers are the potential customers of Neutrica.   In this fast moving world, even the adults need health drink that can be used as a substitute of soft drinks. People in their old age suffer from several health-related complications like high blood pressure, cholesterol deposition and diabetes. For these people Neutrica is a good way of deriving required nutrition in a more convenient and simple manner. Till date, there are not too many health drinks that are popular among the aged people. The percentage of elderly people is likely to increase with time, thus adding to its potential customer base.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consumers are becoming increasingly conscious about their health and are willing to shell out money for those foods and drinks that promises better health. Therefore , the demand for health drink is likely to grow, mainly among the children and elderly persons. Target MarketIn developed nations like UK and US, the market is already flooded with different kinds of energy drinks, canned fruit juices and different type of health drinks. As a result, the degree of competition is also high in these markets. This coupled with low population growth will make these markets very stagnant in the years to come.On the other hand, developing countries are performing better because their economies are growing at a fast rate.

NFL Lockout and the Fans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NFL Lockout and the Fans - Research Paper Example The lockout has led to uncertainties about the game of football which is eagerly awaited by the fans. In the war between the owners and the players, the ultimate burden is borne by the potential audience and other fans who have invested in products and services related to the sport. Before understanding the problem it is important to understand the significance of the ‘Final League Year’ that is 2010. In this year salary caps would not exist but there will be noteworthy restrictions of the lessening of players’ benefits. After this year the club will be free from its commitment to finance the different programs such as second career savings, severance and performance based pay etc. The payment made by the league for funding of such plans comprise of above $10 million for each club. The problem has culminated mainly into that of disputes between workers and employers. After the 1974 season this occurred again when the season’s sport was awaiting a halt. The District Court of US instructed the league to operate again. But without the CBA the confused persists and there are no ceilings or floor of payments and no benefit schemes. The scheduled game between Chicago Bears and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Wembley Stadium of London lie challenged especially if the problem is not resolved by September 8, 2011 (Battista). A review of the major concerns which preside over the lockout points out the disagreement on the division of $9.3 billion annual revenues between the two parties (league owners and the players). The players believe themselves to be major contributors to the game and the success of the league. They help the owners become rich. The owners on the other hand were more obsessed with the money they saw flowing in and did not ant to spend a substantial part on the players’ benefits. They believe it is more important to spend the money on stadiums and other infrastructures rather than submitting to their obligation in providing financial securities to the players. Also the owners might be blamed for paying less and venturing to make them play more games a season. One of the ethical issues concerns the players’ access to financial information which has been restricted by the owners (Maske). Till now the advantages stood in favor to the players but now they are inclined towards the owners who have the upper hand or dominating position. The court granted the league their original request for a temporary stay of order in April. After a month’s discussion the league made a second proposal to end the deadlock. The players were initially reluctant especially after the decision of Nelson but at present they have little option but to take the proposal of the league seriously. However the season 2011 is still not confirmed (Wilson). At this juncture, Bryant observes that the fans have learned the lesson, â€Å"those who own the teams, the commissioner who runs the league and, to a far lesser extent, the players who run the routes, sack the quarterbacks and score the touchdowns have so little perspective that they believe their inability to divide the $9 billion is, in the real world, important. We all know better.† (Bryant) Both the sides need to respect the people who spend their money buying tickets and sport

Privatization of Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privatization of Prisons - Essay Example Private prisons purpose was to house inmate thus reduce congestion in public prisons then paid by the government using taxpayer prison revenue. Despite privatization being profit generation source, private prisons have benefits and disadvantages to the public and prisoners. As a result, the essay will deduce and come up with the judgment on whether the government should embrace private prisons or abolish the idea. Positively, private prisons reduce congestion of prisoners in public prisons in United States. Mason indicates that many public prisons in America house inmate more than the required number because of lack of an alternative place to keep the criminals (4-7). For instance, some of California prisons facility have about 300, 000 prisoner compared to the required number of 170,000 prisoners. Additionally, such high numbers of prisoners hinders effective rehabilitation of prisoners because of lack of sufficient rehabilitation space, tools, and personnel found in the prisons. Fo r this reason, the federal and state government adopting the idea of private prisons was important. This will reduce the congestion in public prisons and ensure effective rehabilitation of all the prisoners hence curbing the level of prison violence. Private prisons served as a cost effective method in the budget of federal and state government in the United States. ... Mason posits that states with higher number of private prisons enjoy lower cost of housing prisoners in the state (8-10). Therefore, with abundant prison facilities in United States, criminal rate may reduce in most states. This is because there will be no waste of time in delay of convicting criminals because of lack of space in public prisons. However, private prisons also have several disadvantages. There are high reports of violence and mistreatment of prisoners in private facilities. Most private prisons have limited incentives that could curb recidivism and violence among prisoners (American Civil Liberties Union 23). Moreover, most private prisons focuses on profit creation and not the safety and decent living of the prisoners hence hindering the process of rehabilitation and accelerating violence level among prisoners. In addition, the management team in private prisons may not have sufficient training personnel to handle cases of violence and recidivism hence, becoming a thr eat in the rehabilitation of prisoners. Thus, such reasons may inhibit the number of prisoners admitted in private prisons while may affect the profit generation goal of the private prison. Despite the private prison goal being profit generation to the public and shareholders, most private prisons experience limited profits level. The amount of profit earned causes the private prisons to overlook the intensity of training the prison security personnel (American Civil Liberties Union 20-22). Therefore, this affects the way in which the private prison personnel may handle rude prisoners and curb the level of prisoners escaping experienced in from private prisoners. Moreover, the surrounding community may not benefit from the revenue gained by the private prison in town. Hence,

Pre-lecture response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pre-lecture response - Essay Example In effect, the Southerners favored retrogressive practices and opposed governmental policies such as taxation whenever they perceived them as an attack on their agrarian practices. The Southern states stood their ground in opposing State Rights that gave the federal government the authority to regulate slavery. Specifically, the reason for this was that slaves were the primary source of labor in the cotton fields. According to the Southern representatives, there was no solution to the slavery business. Notably, the Southerners through William Cobb, Georgia Congressman asserted that by abolishing slavery â€Å"you have kindled a fire which all the waters of the ocean cannot put out, which seas of blood can only extinguish† (151). Specifically, the reason for this was that slavery was an essential institution and economic engine for the economy of the US and other countries like Britain that depended on the Southern-grown cotton for their industries. On the other hand, the north was more political matures and expressed a high level of modernization in the way the representatives addressed political and social differences. In particular, slavery was a major factor in the division between the regions as the Northern section supported the abolishment of the practice and the freedom to the slaves. In practice, several Northern Tycoons demonstrated their willingness to support the end of slavery. In particular, the admission of Missouri raised great concern due to its slavery policies. Specifically, New York Congressman James Tallmadge suggested amendment of the constitution â€Å"that all children born within the said state (Missouri) after the admission thereof into the Union shall be free at the age of 25 years†

Reducing Energy Consumption in Residence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reducing Energy Consumption in Residence - Essay Example However, there is evidence (Herring, H., Roy, R., 2002) to show that using energy (and in particular electricity) more efficiently does not necessarily lead to a reduction in energy use. Indeed there is evidence that using energy more effectively actually tends to increase its use - given the opportunity; people prefer to be warmer, rather than to reduce the cost of heating for example. (This, and other examples of the â€Å"Rebound Effect† are discussed in a wide range of studies, some of which are listed below) Given this, it would seem that enabling students to use energy more effectively and economically may serve not to decrease its consumption, but rather to increase it. There is a growing trend now towards a principal of â€Å"the polluter pays† (O’Conner, M.,1997, chap.1) by which is meant that there is a fiscal cost of pollution (including greenhouse gasses) and that those responsible for its creation should be required to bear its economic cost. There is also a tendency for suppliers of services (particularly in the energy market) to unbundle their services, allowing consumers to see clearly what they are buying and at what cost. It would be possible for the University to combine these two trends, and to separately charge students for their energy use, instead of as at present including this in their overall accommodation charges. In doing so students would then become aware of exactly how much they are paying for energy, and be incentivised to manage their consumption.

Walt Disney Theme Parks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Walt Disney Theme Parks - Case Study Example Over the years, the company has not only grown to great heights in achieving major market share in the entertainment industry but it has also defined the American entertainment culture. The financial stability of the theme park division have served as a critical counterweight to the volatility to the media and studio entertainment divisions (Thomas, 29). The aim of this paper is to analyze how a successful 'old economy' company has adapted to changing technologies and has used the internet to further expand its business. Although the company is now a diversified one that encompasses almost all aspects of the entertainment business (film production and distribution, cable television, publishing) as well as merchandise retailing, I will focus on its main division in which it has developed a niche market, that is theme parks. This paper is divided into two parts: 1) Part I will discuss the company's business strategy in the theme parks division and will undertake a SWOT analysis for the division and 2) part II will discuss the internet business strategy for theme parks in detail, including those for customer segmentation, acquisition, integration with overall marketing strategy, technical infrastructure and handling of data acquisition, management and use as well as social and regulatory issues. When the concept of Disneyland was thoug... Over the years, it has taken the shape of carnivals and amusement parks, offering joy rides, games, inexpensive food and even vacation stay. The Disneyland was initially an extension of the already established Disney brand but now the brand has become synonymous to the theme parks. Disneylands now house restaurants and hotels and are major tourist destinations, complete with campsites, deluxe villas and even a cruise line. Disney earned revenues of $25.4bn in 2000 from its various business - film production (Walt Disney, Touchstone, Hollywood, Miramax, Merchant-Ivory), film distribution (Walt Disney Theatrical Productions Buena Vista International), video/ DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment), theme parks (Caifornia Disneyland, California Adventure, Walt Disney World in Florida, Tokyo Disneyland, Disneyland Paris, Disney Vacation Club, Hong Kong Disneyland), television networks (ABC with 10 stations and 3,400 affiliates, ESPN, Walt Disney, Buena Vista, Touchstone, radio (ABC Network, with 21 stations and 21,000 affliliates), cable television (ESPN network, Disney chcannel, The History Channel, Toon Disney), magazines (Discover, Disney Adventure, FamilyFun, FamilyPC and ESPN The Magazine Media Networks), children's books and a number of licensees and 728 Disney stores selling merchandises. The Internet business of Disney includes GO Network (which wound up after the dot com bust), disney.com, espn.com, abcnews.com, family.com, abc.com, The Disney Catalog (Wasko, 2001). Yet, the business that comes to mind the most when one thinks of Walt Disney Company is its theme parks. The Disney parks have become the most visited vacation spots in the world.

The meaning of life Essay Example for Free

The meaning of life Essay During our brief time, spinning on this ball of rock, dust and water, there are questions that haunt almost every person on Earth. Why are we here? What is our purpose? And, what is the meaning of our life? These questions have been rattling around in great minds since the beginning of history, and will continue on until mankind’s eventual extinction. Many people have pondered the relevance of their lives, but finding the true meaning is knowledge that is reserved only for God. Though these questions may never truly be answered, many philosophers, authors, academics and holy men have given this question their full attention. I will explore two of these great minds, compare their philosophies, and try my best to explain my own life’s philosophy. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama The first man we will discuss is a world-renowned lover of peace and happiness; he has had a major motion picture made his life and its exploits, and is actually still alive to this day. His name is Tenzin Gyatso, otherwise known as His Holiness the Dalai Lama. The reason I chose the Dalai Lama, is because of the trials and difficulties he has endured. The Chinese forced him into exile from his home in Tibet to India because of his beliefs about peace. His strengths are admirable and he won the Nobel Peace Prize for attempting to free the Tibetan people from Chinese rule without violence (The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, n. d. ). The Dalai Lama’s theory on the meaning of life stems from Buddhist religion and I will do my best to convey this wisdom in my own words. According to the Dalai Lama’s philosophy on the purpose of life (n. d. ) â€Å"the purpose of life is to be happy† (The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama). That seems simple enough, right? That statement is essentially the very beginning of his writings on the meaning of life. He continues on to elaborate on how this seemingly easy task can be accomplished, and how one can attain a life of meaning through happiness. The way that I interpreted his teachings is that, at every human being’s core, we are all after one thing, and that is love. Love is something we crave from a very young age and that life’s meaning is derived from love and the acts of love that we all give and receive in our day-to-day lives. I also believe that the Dalai Lama’ s meaning of life teaches individuals to be dependent by nature, and that our relationships with those whom we associate ourselves are generally based on love (The Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, n. d. ). His Holiness believes that we gain our life’s purpose from our interpersonal relationships. These relationships can be our colleagues at work, teachers and fellow students at school. The Dalai Lama believes that our primary ambition in all of these relationships is to earn love. For example, at work we all strive to do our best in order to earn more money. However, for many of us, it is not the money we are after, but the esteem from our superiors and subordinates for a job well done. We want to feel valuable to that company, feel an importance, a cog within the great machine. I believe that deep down these feelings stem from our inborn need to be loved. While love is a fundamental part of the Dalai Lama’s philosophy, he also speaks of the role compassion plays in our lives. The Dalai Lama teaches that life’s meaning can be attained through true compassion, which should be derived from reason, not emotions, and that it should never waiver; regardless of whether a person is being negative or positive toward you (The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, n. d). Aristotle The second philosopher we will discuss is one of the most notable to come out of the Ancient Greek Empire, Aristotle. Aristotle is to the day one of the most globally recognized philosophers, and was a student of Plato and teacher to Alexander the Great. I chose the philosopher Aristotle because his ethical beliefs are good ones to live by in order to obtain the meaning of life. His studies give off the impression that he knows the answer to the question, why? I was unfamiliar with his direct philosophies, but my research allowed the ability to understand his point of view. Aristotle’s works focus primarily on theoretical, practical and productive sciences. He â€Å"identifies the highest good with intellectual virtue; that is, a moral person is one who cultivates certain virtues based on reasoning† (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2005). He was extremely knowledgeable and able to absorb enough of an understanding of these sciences to be able to interpret how life worked in a way to achieve happiness. Using his theories of practical science, Aristotle was able to establish explanations relating to the actions and conducts of individuals within society (Cohen, 2008). He could easily comprehend how society clicked and how the individuals within society adapted. Productive sciences are those relating to the crafts of individuals, what they produce, and how they have evolved. By using the basis of these three sciences, Aristotle was able to establish a sense of ethics and rules of logic. He educated individuals throughout society to spread his beliefs and his understandings of the way of life. Aristotle used many factors when coming to an understanding about the philosophy of life. His main philosophy pertains to living one with nature and relating to society by simply being happy. He compares being happy to being Godlike; however, happiness is not just being happy, but instead living a life that teaches you to be happy by living virtuously (Aristotle, 350 B. C. E). Aristotle understood the meaning of life and would live and teach with that understanding. The choices individuals would make pertain to the ultimate goal of achieving actual happiness. This happiness triggers an unknown pleasure within an individual and essentially becomes a desire and drives one to maintain that happiness. With his education of theoretical, practical and physical sciences, Aristotle was able to make sense of it all. His beliefs of obtaining happiness were collected together by using knowledge and pure goodness. He felt as if knowledge, like happiness, needed to be learned through education and life experience. Aristotle believed that, â€Å"there is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses,† meaning that our knowledge is mainly absorbed through our experiences (Turner, 1907). To Aristotle, happiness cannot just be found; one has to be able to live their lives in a virtuous way to obtain honor and the greater good. Individuals need to understand what the reality of what happiness is and how to be a rational being in order to obtain it (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2005). His meanings and interpretations have made a significant influence to many and still continue to influence and educate. Both, the Dalai Lama and Aristotle share similar feelings relating to their philosophies of life. The main objective for the both of them is essentially to obtain pure happiness through compassion and pleasure. The Dalai Lama strives to use love and peace to reach this goal, where on the other hand, Aristotle uses virtue and knowledge. They imply to live a life that one would be proud of, taking the trials that life gives to you and turning them into an experience and strive towards happiness and love. My Philosophy My own life’s philosophy is probably pretty cliche, but I firmly believe that if something makes you happy, do more of it, and that one must work to live and not live to work. I believe that if all you do is work then you miss out on all of the things the world has to offer outside of whatever structured work environment you may be a part of. That is not to say that some people do not love their work and that for them their work is their purpose. I think that is what everyone should strive for, but I believe that once work takes precedence over your family, your friends, and most of all your happiness, then it threatens all you’re working for. I have seen this in too many career soldiers, and unfortunately, myself. I can admit that my steadfast attention on work during my last deployment was without a doubt, a contributing factor in a failed relationship. Since that time in my life, I have become determined not to let that happen again, and to let happiness be my purpose in life. Earlier I said that if something makes you happy, do more of it. This means that if you love to sing, but can’t carry a tune, then sing. If you love to work on cars, but can’t find the time, make time. For me, it is making people laugh, I love to do it, and so I will! Life is cruelly short, so let’s all find just a little time to do what makes us happy. In comparison with the Dalai Lama, I feel that my philosophy is quite similar. We both feel that life’s meaning is directly derived from happiness. He feels that we gain this happiness from love and those that surround us, while I feel that we have additional happiness to gain in life if we could just find the time to do the things that make us happy. I feel that my philosophy differs from his in the area of work. I believe that you must work to live and that your work should not come before those you love, yourself or whatever it is you work for. As for Aristotle’s philosophy and my own, I believe that his theory on using virtue and honor to obtain happiness is very accurate. I too believe that living a life filled with honor can lead to a sense of pride that is able to coincide with being happy. I also support his opinion on happiness leading to pleasure. Being happy is like an addiction and the more happiness that you attain, the more that you strive for. However, Aristotle also believes that happiness corresponds to making decisions backed by knowledge and experience. I somewhat disagree and believe that life experience does not necessarily have to be a main factor pertained to happiness. If you want to be happy, then just be, and live your life honestly and virtuously. The main things that I have learned from the teachings of the Dalai Lama that I would like to apply to my own life, is that happiness is the meaning of our life’s and that we should show patience and compassion towards everyone no matter what. If even 25% of the world could manage that, we would not be in the state of constant war we’ve been in for the past decade. I would also like to take away his capacity for love, I think his philosophy of life involving love is inspiring and makes me want to live a more peaceful, loving life. Aristotle on the other hand, has taught me to be more open-minded to knowledge and experience. To take in an experience as a lesson learned instead of just another day on the calendar and to just appreciate every moment, good or bad, and use it to the best of your advantage. References Aristotle. (350 B. C. E). Nicomachean ethics. Trans. W. D. Ross. Retrieved from: http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen. 1. i. html Cohen, M. (2008). Aristotle. Retrieved from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle/ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2005). Aristotle (384—322 BCE). Retrieved from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://www. iep. utm. edu/aristotl/ The Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama (n. d. ). A brief biography. Retrieved from: http://www. dalailama. com/biography/a-brief-biography Turner, W. (1907). Aristotle. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 17, 2012 from New Advent: http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/01713a. htm.

Strategic And Coherent Approach To Management Commerce Essay

Strategic And Coherent Approach To Management Commerce Essay Human Resource Management is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives. (Armstrong, 2006) Businesses of the 21st century call upon the HR to play a greater role in achieving their objectives. HR is an indispensible tool in the successful working of any organisation and it is essential to incorporate HRM strategies in the planning of the organisation to attain its goals and objectives. Organisations now have to deal with a fast changing environment to which they need to respond quickly and innovatively while being constantly faced with a greater amount of risk than ever before. They are constantly searching for and implementing various survival strategies in this highly competitive and dynamic business world. In order to maintain a sustained effort for betterment, organisations now need to recruit people, who can find creative and intelligent solutions. Thus, the employment of an effective HR strategy that develops the organisations people is essential to facilitate the necessary changes within the business. Role of HRM: Any organisation needs to set goals for itself and strategize how these goals are to be achieved and then structure itself by deciding whom to allot this responsibility. The responsibilities of the HRM or the functions carried out by them within the organisation can be enlisted as follows: HR Planning: It is the practice by which the HRM reviews the supply of employees. They review whether the firm requires to recruit further or to reduce the number of employees depending upon the status of the firm. Job Analysis: This is the process by which the HR examines detailed information about jobs. Every available job in the firm and advertises for recruitment purposes accordingly, so as to attract skilled people. Recruitment: The HR, having advertised for jobs, receives a number of applications from which they identify and recruit suitable employees for the firm. Orientation: Once the recruitment process is over, the HR begins an induction program during which the new recruits are informed about the organisation, their background, their working methods and ethics, as well as introduce them to the other members of the organisation. Training: The next step is the development and training of the employees to equip them with technical skills, interpersonal skills and problem solving skills in order to enhance their performance and increase productivity for the company. Share Information: It becomes the responsibility of the HR to ensure that information is shared uniformly with all employees to increase their knowledge base. Appraisals: The HR evaluates the performance of the employees in periodic intervals through various methods, such as, multiple comparisons and feedbacks from co-workers and supervisors. These appraisals form the basis of the employees promotions, pay rises and other incentives. Motivation: In order to ensure the employees put in their best efforts in their respective jobs, the HR devises ways to sustain the interest of the employees and encourage them in contributing more and more to the firm. Maintain Welfare: The healthy maintenance of any organisations human resource largely depends on the working conditions, comforts and facilities provided to its employees. The HR plays a vital role in this area. They are to be readily available and pay heed to the needs of the employees, analyse their problems and find solutions to them. Retain Talent: This is done through career development, providing job security, compensation programs and skill based pay. Derecruitment: The HR discharges incapable employees to keep up with the requirements of an ever changing business environment. Labour Relations: One of the most significant roles of the HR is to ensure the smooth functioning of the firm and preventing strikes by the employees by maintaining good relations between the management and the employees. The HRM is therefore, responsible for managing the people of any organisation, as assets of that business and harmonizing their capabilities with the needs of the organisation. They encourage team spirit and coordination for smooth functioning of groups of people within the organisation. They play a key role in ensuring a long-term and sustained competitive advantage for any organisation. They are able to acquire this when the highest amount of value added is achieved by the employees and by creating a culture of innovation that is unique to the organisation. As the HRM employs methods that lead to high performance work systems, the beneficial results can be seen on the employee and the organisation end. As the employee is more involved in the organisation and grows in experience, he gains by way of job satisfaction leading to efficiency in work performance. Thus, the organization benefits as the productivity levels go up, the quality improves, more flexibility is infused into the system and finally the customer is satisfied. However, it also becomes the responsibility of the HRM to assume a more professional role, to maintain its honesty and integrity and keeping in mind at all times the interests of the customers and the employees alike. Strategic Goals and Objectives of any Organisation: Every business creates a vision for its future in order to ascertain its both short term and long term goals. This requires creative imagination. It is the strength of this imagination that powers the entire business process. However, a clear definition of the goals is required to be made in order to ensure that these objectives are attained. One of the most important goals is the performance objective and the individual performance strongly needs to be integrated with the objectives of the business. This is where the HR comes in. It is their responsibility to bring out and relate an individuals performance objectives to the performance objective of the business. While the HR challenges are greater than ever before, so too are the opportunities of the companies to excel through people strategies. (Strack et al., 2008) Competitive advantages may come from 2 kinds of sources in any organisation: Traditional ways/sources of competitive advantages Financial/economic Product capabilities Technological capability Organisational capability Generic strategies for gaining competitive advantages Cost leadership Product differentiation Search others Human Resource Management can be used to gain Competitive Advantage: The idea that individual employee performance can impact the performance of the firm positively has been studied for decades. However, the study has moved forward and put forth the notion that all the employees of a firm can together give a higher competitive advantage and bring about a greater improvement on the firms performance. This is possible only when a number of criteria are satisfied, namely, the employees are adding positively to the production, they have a unique talent or skill to offer and more importantly, the employees are not subject to replacement or substitution by technology. It is argued that employees are usually not working at their optimum levels and hence are underutilized. The HRM can play a significant role here in bringing them up to efficient levels and utilizing their potential to the optimum level by facilitating comfortable working conditions, motivating them, developing their skills and providing enhanced product knowledge through regular training, providing an organized structural base and give some amount of independence in their working and a flexible culture within the organization. This is sure to increase the output of the employees over and above the cost of such provisions. Further, the HRM can ensure better performance of the employees at the initial stage through careful selection and recruitment of qualified and skilled individuals. These skilled employees can turn out to be unproductive too unless provided with sufficient motivation. The HRM can again, motivate the employees to work harder and better by providing them with incentives that are linked to performance, which is assessed on a regular basis through evaluations of individual or groups of employees. Incentives may be provided in the form of promotions. Again, an organized structural base can be provided through tools such as, cross functional teams, job rotation and greater participation by allowing them the opportunity to freely use better ways of working. Thus, if the HRM can affect or influence the performance of the employees to maximize their output, they are in turn, improving the performance of the organisation and increasing their productivity. How is theory linked with practice? Explain with examples. The HRM today is not only responsible for managing teams of employees but also, for diversity both within the organisation and outside, constant change and increased globalisation. This is not an easy task. The HR when faced with resistance to adapt to change, ignorance by the policy makers as well as political considerations, finds it hard to employ the best HR practices in real terms. Amongst other challenges faced by the HR, we can mention those involving getting the people to accept change. The HR deals with resistance when bringing about any changes in the working methods, attitude of workers or values of the organisation. Moreover, globalisation has resulted in multicultural backgrounds of employees that pose a new kind of challenge for the HR, wherein they need to develop strategies catering to the needs of each of them. How HRM will help in developing organisational culture? Organisational Culture Focus on innovative and flexible environment The HR integrates the needs of the organisation with those of the employees and helps in developing the organisations culture by creating a positive attitude amongst the employees. Factors which the management should consider: Effective HR practices play a significant role in the economic growth of any country. In my opinion, the management needs to keep in mind that their actions have a macro level effect. The policies and training provided by them to the employees not only contribute towards the specific concern they are currently working for, but towards the nation as a whole. They are preparing individuals for the future. The professional development acquired by the employees at any particular firm carries forward to the next employment as well and remains with them for years to come. Hence, with their inputs and efforts, the HRM is not only enhancing the performance of the individual firm, but is augmenting the nations economy. Conclusion: Thus, we may conclude that organized HRM can provide a sustained economic growth and a competitive advantage when aligned with the strategic business plans of a company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ can be placed elsewhere as per need. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a misfit here I dont see the need or connection with the topic

US Dollar And Turkish Lira Exchange Rate

US Dollar And Turkish Lira Exchange Rate In finance, the exchange rates which are also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate between two currencies is how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. In other words, it is the value of a foreign countrys currency in terms of the home countrys currency. Furthermore, the foreign exchange market is considered as one of the largest markets dominating in the world, and approximately about 3.2 trillion USD of currency changes transactions takes place every day. Specific currencies become more valuable when demand for it is greater than its supply. On the other hand, it will become less valuable or in other words it will depreciate whenever demand becomes lower than its supply. Investors all over the world will probably choose to buy certain currencies only if the return on this particular currency is high. Therefore, the higher the countries interest rate, the greater will be the demand for that countries currency. We chose to compare the $U.S against the Turkish Lira as we know that turkey is a very strong country with a floating currency; that is, not fixed exchange rate. Turkey is well known and popular for exporting textiles and clothes all over the world and taking to consideration its past history at a stage in time it had ruled many parts of the world and so it was among the most powerful countries ruling most of the Arab countries. Therefore, we chose to select the Turkish Lira and compare it to exchange rates of the $U.S and analyze what events or factors have lead to the depreciation or the appreciation of the Turkish lira. Our aim in this research project is to develop a general understanding of the forex market world and be able to compare and analyze different markets in the exchange market as well as relating national and international events and factors contributing to the success or the failure of a particular currency. Moreover, we will gain the knowledge of tips of smart international business activities such as currency exchange investments for instance when to buy or sell certain goods under certain currencies. Turkey Economy Overview: Government Type: Parliamentary ,Representative, Democracy. Currency: Turkish Lira Turkey economic is largely dominated by modern industries and the services sector. Also, its one of the leading countries in world in producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment; construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances and they import non-auto consumer goods, fuels, production machinery and equipment, non-fuel industrial supplies, motor vehicles and parts, food, feed and beverages to partner in European Union, China, Canada, Mexico and Japan Furthermore, the gross domestic product it worth in December 2099 -6.50% -7.00% Jun 2009 of the world economy, according to the World Bank.  [1]   As we can see from the table above, the Turkish lira inflation rate has experienced a noticeable disinflation rates which is defined as the slowing in the rate of the inflation as well as a remarkable decline in the volatility of inflation which is due to some factors such as tight fiscal and monetary policies. However, previously since the 1970s and the 1990s the Turkish lira had been depreciating in its currency value due to turkeys constant inflation. US Economy Overview: Government Type: Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition. Currency: US Dollars. The economic history of the United States has the largest national economy in the world in both nominal and purchasing power parity. In addition, US have a stable overall GDP growth rate, a low unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment. The United States Gross Domestic Product is worth in December 2009 -1.90% September 2009 -2.50% of the world economy, according to the World Bank. The US has several export import; first the export is machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, non-auto consumer goods, motor vehicles and parts, aircraft and parts, food, feed and beverage to partner Canada, European Union, Mexico, China and Japan. In addition, US import non-auto consumer goods, fuels, production machinery and equipment, non-fuel industrial supplies, motor vehicles and parts, food, feed and beverages. To the Main import partners are: European Union, China, Canada, and Mexico and Japan  [2]  . N/A ,0.03%(Jan 2009) Table Source: InflationData.com (2003- 2009). Inflation Rate in Percent for Jan 2000-Present. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/CurrentInflation.asp On the other hand, U.S.A seems to have similar inflation rates across the years, as the U.S economy is considered to be the largest in the world. Forex rate system used in Turkey: Turkeys exchange rate has been changing over the past years and this can be related to its economy validated in many ways. In 1990-1997 Turkey exchange rate system was considered as a crawling band which means that the Currency is maintained within certain fluctuation margins around a central rate is adjusted periodically a fixed preannounce rate or in response to change in selective quantitative indicators  [3]  . However the exchange rate in 1998 -2000 was crawling peg which define as the currency is adjusted periodically in small amount at a fixed preannounce rate or in response to change in selective quantitative indicator.  [4]   Since 2001 the exchange rate change to independent floating which can be defined as the exchange rate is market determine with any foreign exchange intervention aimed to moderating the rate of change and preventing undue fluctuation in the exchange rate rather than at establishing a level for it  [5]  . This change has taken place after the financial crisis the country had at the same time which result the Turkish lira to depreciate against the euro.  [6]   After conducting Turkey the floating exchange rate system had lost more than 50% of the Turkish lira value. Therefore the lira appreciated in the mid of 2002; however their sensitivity fluctuated in the exchange rate. After this appreciation, the lira depreciated again due to the Iraq crisis. On the other hand the Turkey government takes some action to prevent the lira and its economy from certain events such as switching to formal inflation target regime. On 2006 the central bank implemented the formal inflation target and it used the interest rate as a short instrument which was the result to depreciate the lira again.  [7]   Forex rate system used in US: As a matter of fact, the U.S mainly went through two different exchange rate regimes. The first referred to what is commonly known as the Bretton woods system of fixed exchange rates and this has been the period from 1958 till 1973. However, after that period and until this day the exchange rate regime is referred to as the managed floating .The first, which lasted effectively from December 1958 to March 1973, was the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. In the second, which began in March 1973 and has continued to the present, exchange rates have been subject to managed floating which is characterized by fluctuating exchange rates on a daily basis however they are affected by the intervention of the U.S central bank in order to stabilize their currency by buying and selling their own currency. Turkish Lira history: First lira Turkish lira is the currency of turkey that is subdivided into 100 Kurus. Turkish liras symbol is TL and according to the international standard its code is TRY. Turkish lira had experienced many difficulties and changes in its history. To begin with, the Bimetallism system was adopted in turkey between 1881 and 1884. Bimetallism refers to the fact that the country functions on a double standard in other words both gold and silver were used. According to turkey at that time: 1 lira = 519 grams pure gold = 99.8292 grams pure silver  [8]  . Then, the classical gold standard was adopted in turkey from 1881 until the 1914. Gold standard means that under this particular standard the exchange rate between any two currencies will be determined only by their relative gold contents.  [9]   However this system vanished and the gold lira was worth nine lira money. As a result, and after all those changes that took place in turkeys monetary system, they pegged to British pound, then to French France, and finally to U.S.A dollars  [10]  . Second lira:- After all the difficulties in January 2005 six zeroes has been deleted from the lira currency and the Turkish lira generally became the official currency and unit of payment in turkey. The categories of liras book notes were 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. In addition the coins Category were 1, 5,10,20,50,100.  [11]   As a matter of fact, a lot of countries drop zero(s) from their currency in order to facilitate their transactions and avoid any mistakes. Dropping six zeroes and the effort to decline the inflation impact on the currency is a useful way for turkey to have a good reputation in its lira currency. Therefore dropping the zero from its currency had reduced the mistakes and problems that had arisen in the calculation side and record problems. In short, the transition to the New Turkish lira was necessary both for the expected positive effects on the currency, as well as for its reputation. Furthermore, the New Turkish Lira is considered also as a symbol or a sign of Turkeys determination to reduce inflation.  [12]   Turkish Lira against the U.S. Dollar during the past 5 y The below graph demonstrate the behavior of the exchange rate of Turkish Lira against the U.S. Dollar during the past 5 years, which reflects the economic situation in both countries. Table Source: Yahoo! finance (2009). TRY/USD (TRYUSD=X). Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=TRYUSD=Xt=5yl=onz=mq=lc Table outlining the exchange rates desired on a daily basis: In our research, we are going to study the exchange rate fluctuation between the Turkish Lira (TL) and the U.S Dollar (USD) during the period from 14 September to 4 December 2009. Our study depends on using the daily data of FX of TL against the USD and will focus on analyzing the factors and events that affect the exchange rate and interpreting the causes of fluctuation during the period of study. The exchange rates graph on a daily basis: Analysis of national and international events contributing to results we obtained from the graph: 17 September to 1 October As observed from the graph, the Turkish Lira had a downward sloping against the US Dollar starting from 17th September to 1st October 2009; this may be due to the fallowing factors and events. Events:- Turkish bond yields rose on due to worries about the countrys widening budget deficit Reduction in Turkeys GDP which has lead to the depreciation of the Turkish lira against the $U.S. Turkey seeks bids for sugar factories. Turkey is selling six factories that produce sugar to finance the global slow down economy. Turkey also trying to reduce the government control in its economy. However this event will test turkey privatization  [13]  . Factors:- September 2009 Balance of Payment Budget of the government: The current account deficit realized a huge increase by 60.5% from 558 in August 2009 to 869 in September 2009. This reflects the increase on the country expenditures over revenues that negatively affected the TL exchange rate The level of the country trade: The deficit of the goods and services increased by 18%, which is a mean of increase of TL supply over demand that is reflected negatively on the TL exchange rate, and put a pressure on the TL to depreciate against US Dollar.  [14]   US inflation decreased from -8.90 in June to -9.90 in September. Therefore US $ appreciated over the TL. Turkeys industrial production fell by 8.6% in the year to September. The biggest decline was in the production of capital goods, the output of which fell by 18.2%.  [15]   1 October to 15-October:- During this period our graph direction went up due to the below factors and events Events:- In October 2009 the annual meeting of the World Bank held in Istanbul, this was the fist time the meeting being held in a country other than the United State. The country outlook rating of Turkey outlook has been upgraded by the two rating agencies Moody and Standard Poors. In addition to that, there is a strong probability to upgrade Fitch rating agency of the Turkey outlook rating. This is due to Turkeys policies in handling the financial crisis and its ability to implement policies to stabilize the economy.  [16]   Factors:- Inflation: the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey decreased the inflation rate from 5.27 in September to 5.08 in October 2009. This is considered a positive indicator that leads investors to invest in TL, consequently, TL appreciated. We can observe that the Turkish Lira firmed in October than its performance in September against the US dollar and this was due to the fact that the central Bank of Turkey stated that the annual inflation in October would be low despite the end of stimulus tax cuts on durable goods and a near 10 percent hike in power prices. 16 October to 28 October:- During this Period our graph has a downwards sloping due to the below factors and events. Factors:- Interest rate: a Central Bank of Turkey lowered its interest rate from 7.75 in September. To 6.75 in October 2009. As a result the TL depreciated ay the beginning of October reflecting the expectations of the investors that the currency will have downward direction. Budget: Finance minster of Turkey stated that Turkey end-2009 budget deficit of 62.8 billion lira ($43.1 billion) before a fall to 50.1 billion lira in 2010 which affect TL negatively. 29 October to 8 November: As the Graph show the TL lira appreciate in this period due to some factors and events. Events:- As reported in Turkey newspaper four officials at the tax office were suited for damages caused by the record tax office the case was brought by the media group. Factors:- Oil: the crude oil prices went up on November 2009 this is in indicator that investors shift their investment from dollars to oil leading dollars prices down, accordingly TL appreciated against US dollars. US dollar: Federal Reserve on Wednesday 5th November offered a caution economic outlook and kept borrowing costs near zero as a result the US dollar depreciated and the TL appreciates. The Turkish bank Turkey Ekonomi Bankasi have reach 47 % rise of profit which leads to upward TL sloping . 9-Novamber to 25 November The graph illustrate that the TL has been depreciated in this period for those factors and events. Factors Financial stability report: the CBRT has published the financial stability report, the report indicates that Turkey economy would notice a slow improvement, and in banks profitability levels in 2010 would decrease. According to the report the consumption levels is expected decline which will lead to lower the investment expenditures. This news has affected the public confidence in the economy of turkey and resulted in a decline of the TL exchange rate. Unemployment rates: According the Hurriyet Turkish news paper unemployment rate problem would still grow and would not be solved anytime soon. This is also a negative indicator that TL value will decline. US Gross Domestic Product: The third quarter economy statistics of the US have been published on 24 November 2009, it shows that the US GDP has increased at an annual rate of 2.8%, this increase in US GDP is a result of the positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, private inventory investment, federal government spending, and residential fixed investment that were partly offset by a negative contribution from nonresidential fixed investment. As a result USD gained more confidence and rose against the TL. 26 November to 30 November As the graph shown in this period the TL has a downward slop which is the most negatively sloping at the analysis period of our project. Events:- From 27 to 30 November Turkey government and business sector had a public holiday to observe the occasion of Eid Al Adha. The economy during this period slow down and this caused the downward of the TL exchange rate against the USD. The global crisis has hit turkey trade especially turkey exports to neighborhoods decrease to 7.7 % as publish in Hurriyet Daily News and Economic. EU to ask Turkey to adopt a more European Iran policy The European Union welcomes Turkeys stabilizing role in the Middle East but feels uneasy with its Iran policy,  [17]   Factors Oil: Oil price decreases on 25 of November which attract investor to buying oil by dollars as a result the TL depreciate. Inflation: in November the turkey inflation rate increases from 5.08 on October 2009 to 5.53 in November which lead to depreciate the TL in this time. Balance of trade: Turkey balance of trade increase from -2573.0 to -3948.0 deficits which mean that turkey import increase in November increasing the supply of TL which leads to downward TL. 1 December r to 4 December:- As we observe after the deep down wards at the end of November the TL appreciate at the beginning of December leads to upwards slopping. Events:- Turkish news has announced that Turkish lender Sekerbank has signed a deal loan with the international finance cooperation to finance the agriculture and foods project that worth 30 millions. Turkey news has announced that turkeys poverty rate has decreased from 17.79 percent in 2007 to 17.11 percent in 2008which leads to strong Turkish lira reputation. Factors Gold : the gold price increase from 1054.00 on November to 1115.40 on December as a result the investor shift their investment direction to invest more in safe assets which is gold leading to supply the market by dollars as result the dollars depreciate and the TL appreciate . Government Budget: the Turkey government budget has 989.80 surpluses on December after having a budget deficit for the past month. As a result the TL appreciated. Current Account : the current has increase from -863.0 on September to 671.0 on December which mean the export is greater than import and the demand of TL is greater than supply leading appreciate TL on December 2009. Conclusion:- In conclusion, we have benefitted a lot from this study as we were able to analyze the Turkish lira exchange rate against the U.S Dollar as both economies have many factors and events affecting this exchange rate phenomenon such as gold reserves, balance of payments of each country, unemployment rates in addition to inflation rates, crisis in other countries, as well as many other implications .Furthermore, As for the exchange rates instability during the past three months as was required for us to analyze, the Turkish-dollar exchange rates observed several highs and lows which was generally due to multiple political, economical, social factors, and fiscal monetary policies by both countries the U.S and Turkey. We benefitted a lot from conducting this research study as it gave us the knowledge of relating the international and national events with the currency performance along with understanding the role of the exchange rate system applied in analyzing the appreciation as well as de preciation of the currency. References: ANKARA Anatolia News Agency. (2009). Crisis hits trade relations with neighbors. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=crisis-hits-trade-relations-with-neighbors-2009-11-30 ANKARA Bloomberg. (2009). Fitch lifts Turkish outlook, poised to upgrade rating. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=fitch-lifts-turkish-outlook-poised-to-upgrade-rating-2009-10-27 ArticlesBase.com (2005-2008). Export Import in Turkey. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.articlesbase.com/ask-an-expert-articles/export-import-in-turkey-1219667.html ASIM ERDÄ °LEK. (, 2009). How vulnerable is Turkey to an external financial shock?. Retrieved on 10-11-2009. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/columnists-137712-how-vulnerable-is-turkey-to-an-external-financial-shock.html Bankim Chadha, Eswar Prasad. (1997). Real exchange rate fluctuations and the business cycle: Evidence from Japan. International Monetary Fund. Staff Papers International Monetary Fund, 44(3), 328-355. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from Research Library. (Document ID: 22542091). Burak Sansal ( 1996-2009). Turkish Economy. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.allaboutturkey.com/economy.htm Bureau of Economic Analysis is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce.(2009). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Corporate Profits. Retrieved on 3-12-2009. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm Burka Sansal (1996-2009). New Turkish Lira. Retrieved on 8-11-2009: http://www.allaboutturkey.com/ytl.htm CBS Interactive Inc.(2009). U.S. exchange rate policy: Bretton Woods to the present includes glossary. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4126/is_n11_v76/ai_9153142/ Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. (2009). Balance of Payments Statistics. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni DÃÆ'-NDÃÅ" SARIIÃ…Å ¾IK (2009). EU to ask Turkey to adopt a more European Iran policy. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=eu-to-ask-turkey-to-adopt-a-8216more-european-iran-policy8217-2009-11-25 Eun Resnick (2009), International Financial Management. McGraw Hil Exchange-rates.org. (2009). 1 Turkish Lira (TRY) to Dollars (USD) Retrieved on. 6-10-2009. http://www.exchange-rates.org/history/USD/TRY/T Forex-Here.com. (2009). Turkish lira grows on growing risk appetite. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.forex-here.com/node/128 Global Futures Forex (2009). GLOBAL FOREX TRADING, WORLDWIDE LEADERS IN ONLINE CURRENCY TRADING. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.gftforex.com/resources/currency/emerging.asp IndexMundi.(2009). Turkey GDP real growth rate. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/gdp_real_growth_rate.html IndexMundi (2009). Turkey Inflation rate (consumer prices). Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).html InflationData.com (2003- 2009). Inflation Rate in Percent for Jan 2000-Present. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/CurrentInflation.asp Investopedia (2009). Managed Currency. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/managed-currency.asp Investopedia (2009).Disinflation. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disinflation.asp ISTANBUL Hà ¼rriyet Daily News (2009). Turkeys poverty rate at 17.11 percent. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=turkey8217s-poverty-rate-at-17.11-percent-2009-12-01 ISTANBUL Hà ¼rriyet Daily News (2009). Central Bank foresees slow, gradual recoveryRetrieved on 3-12-2009. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=the-bank-foresees-slow-gradual-recovery-2009-11-24 ISTANBUL Hà ¼rriyet Daily News (2009). Executives eye competition and innovation. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/h.php?news=executives-eye-productivity-and-2009-11-05 Joanna Stryjek(2007). Exchange Rate Regimes in the Middle East and North Africa Countries. Retrieved on 12-11-2009:http://www.arabia.pl/english/content/view/414/16/ Koà §Ãƒ §at, H.. (2008). Exchange Rates, Exports and Economic Growth in Turkey: Evidence from Johansen Cointegration Tests. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(1), 5-11. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from ProQuest Central. (Document ID: 1809709051). Meyer, C., Zanetti, A.. (2008). Unit Labour Costs, the Real Exchange Rate and Swiss Competitiveness. Aussenwirtschaft, 63(1), 43-68,109. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from ProQuest Central. (Document ID: 1474657321). Online Turkey Travel Guide. History of Turkish Money. . Retrieved on 8-11-2009: http://www.turkeyforyou.com/turkey_money_history Reuters India. (2009). UPDATE 1-Turkey seeks bids for sugar factories -sources. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://in.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idINLA72980020090910 Summaries of EU legislation (2008). Turkey. Retrieved on 12-11-2009 : http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/enlargement/ongoing_enlargement/community_acquis_turkey/e01113_en.htm The Economist Newspaper. (2009). Economic and financial indicators. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.economist.com/markets/indicators/ Trading Economics.(2009). United States Current Account. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Current-Account.aspx?Symbol=USD Trading Economics.(2009). Turkey Current Account. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Current-Account.aspx?Symbol=TRY TURKEY: Financial crisis points to deep recession. (2008, October). Oxford Analytica Daily Brief Service,1. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from ProQuest Central. (Document ID: 1688053781). Turkish Embassy Office of the First Economic Counsellor, London. (2004-2008). ECONOMIC OUTLOOK OF TURKEY. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://www.turkisheconomy.org.uk/economy.html Turkish Press. (1997-2009). I Am Proud With Value of Turkish Currency, P.M. Erdogan. Retrieved on 10-11-2009. http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=253819 Wikipedia (2009). Turkish lira. Retrieved on 8-11-2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_lira Wikipedia (2009). Economy of Turkey. Retrieved on 14-11-2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey Wikipedia (2009). Managed float regime. Retrieved on 8-12-2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_float_regime XE Corporation. (1995 2009). CORRECTED-Turkey Factors to Watch on Nov 5. Retrieved on 10-11-2009. http://www.xe.com/news/2009-11-05%2002:37:00.0/781409.htm?c=1t XE Corporation (1995-2009). Turkey Factors to Watch on Nov 1. 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Diary of My Mexican Trip :: essays research papers

Dear Journal,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today I boarded an airplane in Philadelphia. I haven’t been on a plane before, so I was very nervous. The takeoff was pretty smooth. I finally relaxed, then we landed in Atlanta, Georgia. From here I rented a green compact car from Hertz. I drove from Atlanta to Tula in one night. I eventually arrived at the border and showed the officials my voter registration card and driver’s license. I finally crossed the border into Mexico. From here I wen to my first stop, Tula. I stayed at the Sharon, a seven-story modern hotel, is placed right across the street from the town hall and not far from the archaeological area. August 5, 2002 Dear Journal,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I woke up this morning to a beautiful snow covered ground. I drove over freezing roads to a Toltec site. The most spectacular site I saw while I was at the site was the Atlantes, the giant stone sculptures. They are said to be guarding the Pyramid of the Morning Star. After exploring the ancient site, I went back to the hotel and ate at the hotel’s fine restaurant. I had to be sure not to get anything that may make travelers such as myself sick. Shortly after, I checked out of the Sharon and drove into Mexico City and checked into the Matrol for the night. August 6, 2002 Dear Journal,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today I went to the National Art Museum, Museo Nacional de Arte, and saw the beautifully crafted building. There is a lovely double staircase made of bronze and marble enclosed by a semi-circular window three stories high. The artwork in the museum was incredible. The museum has 24 galleries ranging in Mexican art in every form. After an exhausting trip to the art museum, I decided to have dinner in the hotel’s restaurant. Then I had drinks in the lobby bar where a pianist plays nightly as hotel guest can enjoy the music and scenery of the beautiful hotel. August 7, 2002 Dear Journal,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I watched some TV in my room last night as I went to sleep. I was glad to have taken Spanish classes in school, so I could have a slight understanding as to what was being said on TV. Today I went to the Catedral Metrolitana. It is the biggest church in Latin America. The church was so beautiful and very large. There were hundreds of paintings and sculptures throughout the building. The wonderful clocktower was full of statues of Faith, Hope, and Charity. I went back to the hotel, gathered my things, and drove to The Casa Gonzalez, where

Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899

Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903 Miller provides an account of the American-Philippines war from 1899-1903, revealing aspects of United States imperialism that are often forgotten. Miller provides both a military history as well as a demonstration of the way America lied and forgot its history, justifying war and colonization as a step for greater good. America's involvement in the Philippines is sometimes remembered as an act to protect Filipino's from Spain, and to "teach' them American democracy. Other historians look to the war as a part of American imperialism linked to its capitalist and racist nature. Many other historians argue that imperialism was a short lived mistake in American history that was just one stumble in the country's greatness. Miller's account shows, in great detail, the slipperiness of events which happened, and the ways in which individuals can hold the power of nations. Generally America's conquest of the Philippines is understood to be motivated by the expansion of democracy. The Unit ed States was already actively expanding and conquering land and people, but for the most part they were doing so in regions thought to be geographically logical. Expanding to the west was not considered colonization, but once the U.S. reached the far away islands of the Philippines, their actions seemed to need a larger explanation to be justified. The United States moving beyond its natural proximity made the Philippines a more problematic site, and therefore easier to understand as an act of imperialism. Miller argues that when the United States was just beginning to get involved in the Philippines few people new anything about the islands. There were no intention... ...d Beveridge, the anti-imperialists were letting the people off the hook and in their own way preserving the American sense of innocence†¦If anything, they seemed to take their cues from their leader in the White House by first putting out of mind all the sordid episodes in the conquest, and then forgetting the entire war itself (253). The United States conquest of the Philippines and the ways it is remembered is one aspect of this countries history of imperialism. This war stems out of energy left from the Civil War, the United States competition with Spain, and later feeds into the Vietnam War. This story is all too reflective of the current situation in Iraq and the war on terrorism. According to Miller, the United States hides its imperialism behind the name of democracy and civilization, claiming to act for the better of people "unable" to govern themselves.

How gender roles and stereotypes affect children Essay

Like most people I have nieces and nephews. Whenever I take my niece to McDonalds she always orders the Happy Meal. Without asking whether we wanted a girl or boy toy, they automatically gave her the Polly Pocket Doll, instead of the Smurf toy that she actually was hoping for. Being a girl, the cashier assumed that she would prefer the doll over the Smurf toy. This sort of incident happens more often than you would think. It really made me, wonder how gender roles and stereotypes affect children in their everyday lives. Gender roles and stereotypes have a significant effect on children. They are constantly bombarded with images of what a girl is supposed to act like. The same thing is portrayed to the boys. They are taught that they are supposed to be tough individuals, while girls are seen as little weak beings who are obsessed with superficial things. In the long run these images of what they are supposed to act like eventually shape who they become as adults. Gender roles refer to the set of social and behavioral norms that are considered to be appropriate for individuals of a specific sex in the context of a specific culture, which differ widely between cultures and over time. Gender stereotypes are simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences, and roles of different groups or individuals, According to Joan, Ferrante, Seeing Sociology: An Introduction 2011. They are relevant in more ways than most people even care to recognize. Sources such as advertisements, television, sports, and even parents are where children pick up most of their behavior traits. These factors could affect sexuality, growth, development, personality, and job choices. There are several ways for children to be influenced gender stereotypes. Researchers such as Adrian Furnham and Twiggy Mak, show that advertisement is one of the main factors in keeping gender stereotypes alive in children. Toy commercials are the ones usually perpetuating these roles and stereotypes. Commercials that are targeted towards girls usually show playing house or cooking. They almost always have a doll in their hand. Being popular, beautiful, and passive are key points the media tries to get across. Girls are never seen playing with â€Å"boy toys† such as trucks or guns. In addition, commercials targeted towards boys they are seen as power seekers. Speed and physical ability are a huge factor when it comes to the toys that are supposedly for their gender. The children in the commercials are told to act aggressively and independently. Society wants boys to take and learn more dominant roles. The boys in commercials will never be seen playing with â€Å"girl toys†. By the time a child reaches four they realize their sexuality and pick toys targeted towards their sex group. That is also around the time where they learn the behaviors associated with their specific gender. Children tend to associate the toys they play with to what they see in their environment. If a child’s behaviors and interests stray away from what is believed to be normal then they are subject to discrimination and ridicule by their peers and adults. Carol Lynn Martin thinks, â€Å"Most children display traits of both sexes†. When a child notices that they act outside of what is considered â€Å"normal† for their gender, they become sexually confused. On the inside they tend to question why they are not like most children of the same sex. Most children who show opposite sex characteristics are often labeled â€Å"gay†. Boys who show more feminine traits are called â€Å"effeminate†. They are seen as the boys who want to be girls. Usually they gravitate more towards female or domestic activities, have all female friends, and tend to cross-dress. Girls who participate in the more masculine activities are labeled as â€Å"tomboys†. They usually enjoy boyish sports, have all male friends and often wish to be a boy. Despite many of our beliefs, parents also influence their children on what is and what is not appropriate for their gender. Children learn a lot of day to day duties and behaviors from what they pick up from their parents. Normally parents tend to treat their children of different genders differently from the time they are born. They always expect different behaviors and reactions. For example, if a little girl falls and cries, she is immediately consoled and nurtured. At the same time if this same incident were to happen to a little boy he would be told to â€Å"suck it up crybaby† or â€Å"crying is for girls†. Instead of enforcing societies expectations on the child parents should help them aspire to become the unique person they are destined to be. Even the color that a child wears contributes to what are seen as â€Å"girl† or â€Å"boy† colors. Most boys are dressed in blue, red, black, dark green, and brown. In contrast girls traditionally wear pink, yellow, light green, and purple. If you little boys’ favorite color just so happens to be yellow there is a possibility that you would you judge him and tell him it’s a girl color. Many would not embrace his individuality. You should not see your son as less of a man because of a color. Many parents do each and every day. In relation to environment, girls tend to pick up on what they see the female figure in the house doing. Barbie Dolls tend to heavily reinforce roles such as domestic duties, narcissism, and popularity, which show that there is not much to women besides their outer appearance and reputation. Toys such as Baby Born teach girls that women have babies and stay home to care for and nurture them. Toys such as Easy Bake Ovens teach girls that the woman cooks while the man of the house is at work. Boys always pick up on the behaviors of the male figure in the house hold. Such as taking out the trash, fixing things around the house, and going to work. On another note, toys aimed at boys are usually more aggressive and independent. Guns, tools, and trucks are seen as things that boys tend to gravitate towards because they are all seen as norms as it relates to male hobbies. Male children are more influenced to be strategic thinkers in relation to military based toys and games. From early childhood to adulthood boys are taught to be in charge as head of the household. Showing authority and superiority are the standard roles and stereotypes that boys are held to. Children are also restrained to gender roles and stereotypes through sports. According to society girls and women are supposed to do more feminine sports. It is rare that you hear about a female football player winning the Superbowl. In the world of sports girls are seen as weak and fragile. Boys are typically seen as better athletes. They are being told that they need to be stronger and faster than the next boy by parents and society. Boys are expected to do more contact and man-to-man aggressive sports. A boy usually would not be seen in a dance recital for The Nut Cracker. This is because it is outside of their set of â€Å"norms†. When it comes to gender roles in the work place, girls see on TV that they are supposed to be a secretary, nurse or any other job that is under a male figure. That goes back to the toys they play with enforcing a tidy and nurturing personality, also that women are supposed to be passive and submissive to men. Most girls see it as they should be the nurse to a male doctor. Boys think they should be the business owner with a female secretary. Boys do not usually see themselves as a hairstylist, but it does occasionally happen. Just like girls do not see themselves as a world famous football player, because of gender stereotypes girls tend not to strive as high in the work place because most feel that the males should take care of most of the financial needs, since they grow up seeing males as the head of the household. Society and parents should do a better job in promoting gender neutral toys and ideas. Fisher price and leapfrog are great manufacturers of toys that lean towards no specific gender with toys that focus more on education than anything else. Which is what we as a society should be pushing instead of colors and stereotypical gender roles. Don’t let the gender of your child be determined by what color he or she has, or what toys they play with. Kids should not be pushed into a specific category when it comes to their sexuality or gender. America needs to learn that everyone is an individual and has different ideas on how they should think or behave. Overall I feel that kids should just be kids, which entails them making their own life choices when it comes to their personality and sexuality. Their gender and personality should not be determined by what color they are wearing, what toys they choose to play with or who they hang around. They should be treated with respect no matter what their preferences are. Parents should embrace gender neutral ideas. This would make children more comfortable with whatever choices they make. There is no reason any child should feel like an outcast in society because their personality does not fit the â€Å"norms† that goes within their gender. Acknowledgements I would like to first and foremost thank my mother. Without her I would not have been as focused on getting this project done as I am now. Secondly I want to thank me boyfriend for making me take time out of our quality time to make sure I was doing my work as far as the research and writing process goes. Also I would like to thank the Writer’s Studio and the Center for Academic Success. Last but not least I want to give a huge thank you to myself for pushing through the toughest times and getting this paper done. Seeing as how this paper has been the biggest obstacle academically this semester, I still managed to persevere and hopefully make a good grade.

Pericles and His Influence on Athens

Ancient Greece had many ups and downs in its very long history. As a growing civilization, it earned legion(predicate) aloneies as well as enemies. One of these grand enemies was the Persians. Although the Persians were very decently adversaries, the Greeks defeated them and at that point, the era of immaculate Greece began. The Delian league, which was created to unite all states and protect them from intruders, had glowering into an empire. This empire was governed by capital of Greece.As peace and capital of New Hampshire was restored in Greece, the city of Athens was or so to experience its undischargedest epoch. A time filled with power and great social and political wealth. All of which was the fruit of a great mans work. His name was Pericles. Pericles was born in the twelvemonth 495 B. C. into a very noble family. He was the nephew of Cleisthenes who founded Athenian Democracy. Pericles lived his whole life in a political environment. When he became relate in Athe nian affairs, he authoritative a very good reputation. In 462 B. C. e began to dominate the politics in Athens as a disclose leader in the democratic movement. not only was he a great orator, In the history of the antediluvian Greek civilization, there were many tidy and modify men and women. Only one could be called the Greatest Greek and that mans name is Pericles. Pericles was a wise and powerful leader of the city of Athens. He was a great supporter of the concept of democracy. Pericles steer Athens almost through the completed Peloponnesian War. Pericles promoted the arts and literature.This was a principal(prenominal) reason Athens held the reputation of cosmos the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world. Pericles rule as a political leader in Athens is called the Golden Age of Pericles, and he was an dying(predicate) supporter of democracy. He wanted all citizens of Athens to take an active function in politics, and he was the first to birth serv ants to the state. All Athenians chose members of the council, and Pericles restored and built many temples and structures, such(prenominal) as the Parthenon on the Acropolis, employing the poorest citizens.

Abortion Should Be Illegal Essay Plan Essay

How would you aroma if someone took away your ability to red-hot? Imagine non having any advance in whether or not you requisite to have a deportment. That is how aborted babies are treated, which is wherefore abortion should be illegal. Abortion is the remnant of pregnancy by the removal or forcing out from the womb of a fetus before it is able to survive on its own. If a woman decides to abort her go bad, the baby cannot do anything about their life world taken away from them, and their entire in store(predicate) is demolished.Abortion is murder. The embryo is a soul from the moment of conception. According to Shettles, Scientists identify the graduation moment of military man life as that instant when a sperm jail cell unites with an ovum or egg cell (18). Most pro-choice supporters do not believe the fetus is a person until the first or second trimester. pro-choice people do not figure abortion is murder because they consider the aborted fetus a mass or cells or tissue (Shettles 20). Abortion is the taking of candid valet life, which is wrong under well-nigh any circumstances.See more radical Economic problem of Scarcity evidenceAn unborn baby is more than strength life. An unborn baby is meaningful human life that should not be considered expendable. afterwardswards conception, no event occurs in the using of the fetus that indicates a change in the fetus from not being human to becoming one (Foster 33). Human life begins with conception. A middle-aged person, a teenager, and an unborn baby are all in stages of human life. Killing the unborn baby is no more justifiable than cleanup spot the two other people. Abortion is a practice that should be prohibited by law because it basically amounts to murder.Another source why I dont support abortion is because it can disparage the mother as well. You are super risking the mothers life and affect her. Not only does it have an marrow on the USA but, it affects other countries as well like Spain. According to headhunter and member of the Right to Life Committee, Carmen Gmez-Lavn states that Sixty five portion of women who abort suffer symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome after undergoing the procedure. Many women are regretting that choice slightly the world making it a polemic issue.